(Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)
(Photograph past Spencer Platt/Getty Images)

The early days of Donald Trump'due south presidency take been an broken-hearted time for many Muslim Americans, according to a new Pew Inquiry Center survey. Overall, Muslims in the U.s. perceive a lot of discrimination against their religious group, are leery of Trump and call back their fellow Americans do not see Islam as part of mainstream U.S. lodge.

At the aforementioned fourth dimension, however, Muslim Americans express a persistent streak of optimism and positive feelings. Overwhelmingly, they say they are proud to be Americans, believe that difficult work generally brings success in this country and are satisfied with the manner things are going in their own lives – even if they are non satisfied with the management of the country every bit a whole.

Indeed, nearly two-thirds of Muslim Americans say they are dissatisfied with the style things are going in the U.S. today. And about iii-quarters say Donald Trump is unfriendly toward Muslims in America. On both of these counts, Muslim opinion has undergone a stark reversal since 2011, when Barack Obama was president, at which point well-nigh Muslims idea the country was headed in the right direction and viewed the president as friendly toward them.

In addition, half of Muslim Americans say it has become harder to be Muslim in the U.Southward. in recent years. And 48% say they take experienced at least one incident of discrimination in the past 12 months.

Simply alongside these reports of discrimination, a similar – and growing – share (49%) of Muslim Americans say someone has expressed support for them because of their religion in the past year. And 55% think Americans in full general are friendly toward U.S. Muslims, compared with but 14% who say they are unfriendly.

Despite the concerns and perceived challenges they confront, 89% of Muslims say they are both proud to be American and proud to exist Muslim. Fully viii-in-ten say they are satisfied with the way things are going in their lives. And a large bulk of U.S. Muslims keep to profess religion in the American dream, with 70% saying that most people who desire to go ahead can make it in America if they are willing to work hard.

These are among the key findings of Pew Research Middle's new survey of U.Southward. Muslims, conducted Jan. 23 to May 2, 2017, on landlines and cellphones, amongst a representative sample of ane,001 Muslim adults living in the The states. This is the third time Pew Research Center has conducted a comprehensive survey of U.Due south. Muslims. The Center's initial survey of Muslim Americans was conducted in 2007; the second survey took identify in 2011.

The new survey asked U.South. Muslims about a wide variety of topics, including religious beliefs and practices, social values, views on extremism and political preferences. While the survey finds that a majority disapprove of the way Trump is handling his job, this is not the first time the community has looked askance at a Republican in the White House. Indeed, Muslim Americans are no more disapproving of Trump today than they were of George W. Bush-league's performance in office during his second term a decade ago.

And while Muslims say they face a diversity of challenges and obstacles in the U.Southward., this too is nothing new. The share of U.South. Muslims who say it is getting harder to be a Muslim in America has hovered around 50% over the past 10 years. Over the same menstruum, half or more of Muslims accept consistently said that U.S. media coverage of Muslims is unfair.

The Muslim population in the U.South. is growing and highly diverse, fabricated upwards largely of immigrants and the children of immigrants from all beyond the earth. Indeed, respondents in the survey hail from at least 75 nations – although the vast majority are now U.South. citizens. As a grouping, Muslims are younger and more racially diverse than the general population.

Muslims as well are quite varied in their religious allegiances and observances. Slightly more than one-half of U.Southward. Muslims are Sunnis (55%), merely meaning minorities identify every bit Shiite (sixteen%) or as "just Muslim" (14%). Most Muslims say religion is very important in their lives (65%), and about iv-in-ten (42%) say they pray v times a day. But many others say religion is less important to them and that they are non and then consequent in performing salah, the ritual prayers that establish one of the V Pillars of Islam and traditionally are performed five times each twenty-four hour period.

The survey likewise shows that Muslims largely share the general public's concerns most religious extremism. Indeed, if anything, Muslims may exist more concerned than not-Muslims nigh extremism in the name of Islam. Withal most Muslims say there is little support for extremism inside the U.South. Muslim community, and few say they think violence against civilians can be justified in pursuit of religious, political or social causes.

Muslims concerned nearly extremism, both globally and in U.S.

Overall, eight-in-ten Muslims (82%) say they are either very concerned (66%) or somewhat concerned (16%) near extremism in the proper name of Islam around the world. This is similar to the percentage of the U.South. general public that shares these concerns (83%), although Muslims are more likely than U.S. adults overall to say they are very concerned about extremism in the name of Islam around the world (66% vs. 49%).

Virtually seven-in-x Muslims – and a similar share of Americans overall – are concerned nigh extremism in the name of Islam in the U.S., including roughly one-half of U.Due south. Muslims (49%) who say they are very concerned about domestic extremism.

Amongst both Muslims and the larger U.S. public, business organization near extremism around the earth is higher at present than information technology was in 2011 (see Chapter 5 for details on trends over time).

While business organization about extremism has risen, there is petty change in perceptions of how much back up for extremism exists among Muslims in the Us. Virtually three-quarters of U.Due south. Muslims (73%) say there is petty or no support for extremism among American Muslims, while about one-in-six say there is either a "fair amount" (11%) or a "slap-up bargain" (vi%) of support for extremism inside the U.S. Muslim community.

The overall American public is more divided on this question. While 54% of U.S. adults say there is fiddling or no support for extremism amid Muslim Americans, roughly a third (35%) say in that location is at to the lowest degree a "off-white amount" of backing for extremism among U.S. Muslims, including 11% who think there is a "great deal." (For more information nearly how the U.Southward. public views Muslims and Islam, see Chapter 7.)


When is killing civilians seen every bit justifiable?

To better empathize what some people had in mind when answering this question about targeting and killing civilians for political, social or religious reasons, Pew Enquiry Center staff chosen dorsum a small number of respondents and conducted non-scientific follow-upward interviews. Many respondents – both Muslims and not-Muslims – who said violence against civilians tin sometimes or often exist justified said they had in listen situations other than terrorism, such as military activity or cocky-defence. For more details on this question, see Chapter five.

When asked whether targeting and killing civilians can exist justified to further a political, social or religious crusade, 84% of U.Due south. Muslims say such tactics can rarely (8%) or never (76%) be justified, while 12% say such violence tin sometimes (7%) or oft (v%) exist justified.

This question was designed to be asked of the general public likewise. Compared with the U.Due south. public as a whole, Muslims are more likely to say targeting and killing civilians for political, social or religious reasons is never justifiable (76% vs. 59%). Roughly equal shares of Muslims (five%) and Americans as a whole (3%) say such tactics are often justified (the difference between these numbers is not statistically significant).1

While U.S. Muslims are concerned nigh extremism and overwhelmingly opposed to the apply of violence against civilians, they also are somewhat mistrustful of law enforcement officials and skeptical of the integrity of regime sting operations. About four-in-ten U.Due south. Muslims (39%) believe most Muslims who take been arrested in the U.S. on suspicion of plotting terrorist acts posed a real threat. But three-in-ten (thirty%) say police force enforcement officers take arrested generally people who were tricked and did not pose a real threat. And an additional three-in-ten volunteer that "it depends" or offer another response or no response. Views on this topic among the general public are less divided: A majority of U.S. adults (62%) say officers in sting operations have mostly arrested people who posed a real threat to others.

Meanwhile, about a third of Muslim Americans say they are either very worried (xv%) or somewhat worried (20%) that the government monitors their telephone calls and emails considering of their faith. Nonetheless, on a dissimilar question – which does non mention religion – Muslims actually are less likely than Americans overall to think the government is monitoring them: Nearly six-in-ten Muslims (59%) say it is either very likely or somewhat likely that the government monitors their communications, compared with 70% of the general public.

Roughly half of Muslims say they take experienced contempo discrimination

In addition to gauging broad concerns about discrimination, the survey also asked Muslims whether they personally have experienced a few specific kinds of discrimination within the past twelvemonth. The share of U.S. Muslims who say they take faced at least one of these types of discrimination has risen modestly in contempo years.

About a tertiary of Muslims, for instance, say they take been treated with suspicion over the past 12 months because of their faith. Nearly 1-in-five say they have been called offensive names or singled out by airport security, while one-in-ten say they have been singled out by other police force enforcement officials. And 6% say they have even been physically threatened or attacked.

In total, nearly half of Muslims (48%) say they accept experienced at least i of these types of discrimination over the past year, which is up slightly from 2011 (43%) and 2007 (forty%). In addition, nearly one-in-v U.S. Muslims (18%) say they have seen anti-Muslim graffiti in their local community in the final 12 months.

Experiences with discriminatory handling are especially common among those whose appearance identifies them as Muslim. Overall, about iv-in-ten Muslims (38%) – including one-half of Muslim women (49%) – say that on a typical day, there is something distinctive about their appearance, phonation or habiliment that people might associate with Muslims. Of those whose appearance is identifiably Muslim, most 2-thirds (64%) say they have experienced at to the lowest degree one of the specific types of bigotry asked about in the survey. Among Muslims who say they do not have a distinctively Muslim appearance, fewer report these types of experiences (39%).

While roughly half of Muslims say they take experienced a specific case of discrimination over the past year, a similar share (49%) say someone has expressed support for them because they are Muslim in the past 12 months. The percentage of U.S. Muslims who report this blazon of experience is up significantly since 2011 (37%) and 2007 (32%).

In their own words: What Muslims said about bigotry and support

Pew Research Center staff called back some of the Muslim American respondents in this survey to get additional thoughts on some of the topics covered. Hither is a sampling of what they said well-nigh their experiences with discrimination and the expressions of back up they have received:

"I have definitely experienced both [discrimination and support]. I've had people make comments and of course they'll give me weird looks and things like that. But I've definitely heard people [make] rude comments direct to my face. I've also had people say really nice things well-nigh my hijab, or say it'due south beautiful or say they think my faith is beautiful." – Muslim adult female under thirty
"There was a time where I used to wear a veil that covered my face, the niqab, and I have public transportation, and when I was on a bus someone claimed I was a terrorist. I did not know what to practice considering no one ever called me that. The person was sitting nearly me, and I recall getting off the bus. No one came to my defense and I did non expect anyone to come to my defense force. If you cover your face, people assume you are dangerous. I don't vesture the niqab anymore. … I heard a woman took a jitney and she wore niqab and got attacked. People were worried for my safety, and I did not want to risk. I wear the hijab [covering the hair, but non face up] now. This happened a year ago and afterwards that I stopped wearing a niqab. Now, I get questions a lot, but people are not afraid. [When wearing the niqab], people assumed I was not born here and don't speak English language. Even wearing hijab I get that. Only with hijab, there is curiosity but not discrimination." – Muslim woman under 30
"I have lived in this country for 15 years and have never had a bad experience because of my religion or faith." – Muslim woman over lx
"I have never experienced discrimination in a direct or targeted way. Things have been very skillful. But sometimes I see someone looking at me funny because of my emphasis and the way I await, and it makes me a lilliputian uncomfortable. But I take a lot of support. Everyone I work with supports me, so I accept many people who can assistance." – Muslim man nether thirty
"I have a lot of friends, and merely community members, who are very open up – who are glad to have this kind of diversity in their community, where there aren't a lot of Muslims at all. I'g probably the just Muslim they know or they'll always know. And they're glad for that, and they similar to give support and exist at that place." – Muslim man nether thirty

"Occasionally [my daughter] would say kids make fun of her. Or the kids would ask, 'Are you bald under hijab?' 'Why don't you bear witness your hair?' … [While attending a parade], a couple from [the S] engaged my daughter, and my wife was sitting on one bench and my other girl and I were sitting on another. And she started request her, 'Does your dad brand you vesture this?' And my daughter was prepared to answer and said, 'Nope. This is my choice. He supports me. It'due south non required. My mom doesn't wear it. But I article of clothing it because I choose to wear it.' I think those types of experiences are something she goes through, and I recollect we basically reassure her every time that nosotros get an opportunity: 'This is what you've called to do. Now you have chosen to limited yourself, and nosotros stand by yous 100%. This is America and everyone is free to choose to live the way they choose.'" – Muslim father

Muslims leery of Trump

The relationship between Donald Trump and the U.South. Muslim community has received a lot of media coverage, peculiarly post-obit Trump'due south statement during the campaign that he would seek a "full and complete shutdown of Muslims inbound the United States" and his executive order blocking travel from 6 Muslim-majority countries. two

About 3-quarters of Muslim Americans (74%) say the nation'south new chief executive is unfriendly toward their group, while 2-thirds (65%) say they disapprove of the way Trump is handling his job as president. U.S. Muslim opinion on the sitting president has turned dramatically since 2011, when Muslims expressed much more than positive views of Barack Obama.

In 2007, near the end of his second term, George W. Bush received approval ratings from U.S. Muslims that were almost as low as Trump's today. Respondents in that survey were non asked whether they thought Bush was friendly toward Muslim Americans.

In the new survey, respondents were asked whether Trump makes them feel four emotions – 2 positive (hope and happiness) and two negative (worry and anger). Fully ii-thirds of Muslim Americans (68%) say the president makes them feel worried, and 45% say he makes them feel angry. Far fewer say the president makes them feel hopeful (26%) or happy (17%).

Muslim Americans are less likely than the public as a whole to say Trump makes them feel hopeful (26% vs. 40%) or happy (17% vs. xxx%), but about as likely to say Trump makes them experience worried or angry.

Muslims proud to be American, but say they face up meaning challenges in U.Due south. gild

U.S. Muslims express pride in their religious and national identities akin. Fully 97% agree with the statement, "I am proud to be Muslim." Nearly as many (92%) say they agree with the statement, "I am proud to be an American." In total, 89% agree with both statements, saying they are proud to be Muslim and proud to be American. Merely half-dozen% say they are proud to be Muslim and not proud to be American, and 1% say they are proud to be American and not proud to be Muslim.

At the aforementioned fourth dimension, many Muslims say they face up a diverseness of meaning challenges in making their fashion in American order. Fully one-half say that information technology has become more hard to be Muslim in the U.S. in recent years, and an additional 44% say the difficulty or ease of beingness Muslim has not changed very much. Just three% volunteer that it has become easier to be Muslim in America.

Muslims who say it has go more hard to be Muslim in the U.Due south. in recent years were asked to depict, in their own words, the principal reasons for this. The most common responses include statements about Muslim extremists in other countries, misconceptions and stereotyping well-nigh Islam among the U.South. public, and Trump'south attitudes and policies toward Muslims. (For full details, see hither.)

Most Muslims (60%) besides perceive media coverage of Muslims and Islam as unfair, and a similar share (62%) think the American people as a whole do non see Islam as part of mainstream American society. These views are largely echoed past U.South. adults overall, many of whom concur that media coverage of Muslims is unfair and say they personally do not see Islam equally part of mainstream lodge.

But tension is non the just thing that defines the human relationship between Muslims and the residue of the U.South. population. Half dozen-in-ten U.S. Muslims say they have a lot in common with most Americans. And Muslims are much more than probable to say the American people, in general, are friendly toward Muslims in the country (55%) than to view Americans as a whole as unfriendly (14%). (Three-in-x say Americans are generally neutral toward Muslims.) Moreover, U.S. Muslims have go slightly more likely to view the American public equally friendly toward them since 2011, when 48% took this position.

Muslim women more concerned than men almost their place in gild

The survey finds a consistent gender gap on several questions about what it is similar to be a Muslim in America, showing that Muslim women accept a higher level of concern than Muslim men about the place of Muslims in U.South. guild.

For example, more Muslim women than men say that at that place is a lot of bigotry confronting Muslims in the U.South. today, that they have personally experienced discrimination and that it has go more difficult to be Muslim in the U.S. in recent years.

In addition, more Muslim women than men say Donald Trump makes them angry or worried, and more women than men say both Trump and the Republican Party are unfriendly toward Muslim Americans.

Muslim women are more likely than Muslim men to say that they are dissatisfied with the way things are going in the land and that media coverage of Muslims is unfair. Meanwhile, more Muslim men than women say that they have a lot in common with nearly Americans and that the American people in general are friendly toward Muslim Americans.

In their own words: What Muslims said about their place in America

Pew Research Center staff called back some of the Muslim American respondents in this survey to get boosted thoughts on some of the topics covered. Here is a sampling of what they said nigh what it is like to be a Muslim in the United states in 2017:

"One of the things I noticed as I was going through this [survey] process … every bit a outcome of things [such as] … Muslims spying on our own population, electronic monitoring, the Muslim lists, I noticed I was actually self-censoring. I was very nervous well-nigh providing the feedback initially. … It's one of those underlying subliminal things that only happens. Because you experience like you're in a constant state of nervousness. … It's something that is prevalent across the community." – Immigrant Muslim man

"I don't really feel similar I have a lot in mutual with most Americans. It depends on their upbringing, their race, everything like that. I think that we accept a lot of dissimilar ideals, and we believe a lot of different things. … So I do feel a lot different, a sense of non plumbing equipment in as much." – Muslim adult female under 30

"What I have in common with most Americans is a dedication to this country. Nosotros besides take in common our shared humanity. … We're all struggling to earn, pay our taxes and heighten our kids. More and more, I'yard finding it hard to find common ground with people who don't empathize minority communities. The minorities are becoming the bulk, and I know that's hard for some people. I feel sympathy for them; empathy as well. Simply they need to accept this new reality." – Muslim woman in her 40s

"There is so much attention drawn to people being Muslim and symbols of Islam, hijab being one of them. We take to take extra caution scanning our surroundings – know where we are, who is around and what kind of thoughts they might concur for Islam, about Islam or against Islam. Peculiarly when the Muslim ban was introduced the outset time around, I literally felt like the persecution had started. Considering we had read the history of Europe and what happened to the Jewish people in Federal republic of germany. These petty steps lead to bigger issues afterward. So, we really felt like we were threatened. And, fortunately, the justice arrangement stopped implementation. And afterwards on people stopped talking about it, and after a while it seemed like things might be getting better." – Immigrant Muslim man

"I see some immigrants – and not just Muslims, they could be Latinos too – who don't adapt well to their new country and don't want to be office of American gild. They stick with others similar themselves because they're afraid and feel foreign here. But that'south not me. I am completely American, and I feel at home here. When I first came here, I went to high school and that helped me to become more than fully American and to adapt to the culture. I experience like I accept a lot in common with the people I come across and know hither, and I experience completely comfortable here. When you lot arrive in America as an immigrant, you have to let your past become, or else yous won't be able to become a part of your new country." – Muslim man under 30

"I'd say it's been increasingly difficult, actually. You almost get that mail-9/11 temper in the United States because of the suppression, actually, of minorities and minorities' thoughts and voices. People like the alt-right or ultraconservative Trump supporters now have a larger voice that was suppressed but years ago, and at present they're actually allowed to make heard what they think virtually Muslims and minorities in full general. Then it's a lot of tensions have been rising and fears that we're going backward." – Muslim human under 30

Muslim demographics: A diverse and young population

Muslims represent a relatively pocket-size only rapidly growing portion of the U.S. religious landscape. Pew Research Middle estimates that there are iii.45 one thousand thousand Muslims of all ages living in the U.S. – up from about two.75 million in 2011 and 2.35 million in 2007. This means Muslims currently make up roughly i.1% of the U.S. population. 3 (For more information virtually how many Muslims live in the U.Due south. and virtually how Pew Inquiry Center calculates these figures, see Affiliate 1.)

Muslim Americans are largely an immigrant population: Roughly six-in-x U.S. Muslims ages 18 and over (58%) were born outside the U.S., with origins spread throughout the world. The almost common region of origin for Muslim immigrants is South asia, where one-in-five U.South. Muslims were born, including 9% who were born in Pakistan. An additional 13% of U.S. Muslims were born elsewhere in the Asia-Pacific region (including Islamic republic of iran), fourteen% in the Middle East or North Africa, and five% in sub-Saharan Africa.

Due in no small part to their wide range of geographic origins, U.S. Muslims are a racially and ethnically diverse population. No single racial grouping forms a bulk, with nearly 4-in-ten Muslim adults (41%) identifying every bit white (including Arabs and people of Eye Eastern beginnings), 28% identifying as Asian (including people of Pakistani or Indian descent) and one-in-five identifying as black or African American.

The information also show that Muslim Americans are a very young group. Most Muslim adults (60%) are nether the historic period of 40. By comparison, merely 38% of the U.S. adult population every bit a whole is younger than forty.

3-in-ten Muslims (31%) are college graduates, which is on par with the share of U.Due south. adults as a whole who have completed higher. But Muslim immigrants are, on average, more highly educated than both U.Due south.-built-in Muslims and the U.S. public equally a whole. (For more than on the demographics of the U.South. Muslim population, see Chapter i.)

Muslims say their faith is not simply about beliefs and rituals

The diversity of Muslims in the U.S. extends to religious beliefs and practices as well. While nearly all Muslims say they are proud to be Muslim, they are not of one listen nigh what is essential to beingness Muslim, and their levels of religious exercise vary widely.

Most U.S. Muslims (64%) say there is more than one true way to interpret Islam. They also are more probable to say traditional understandings of Islam need to be reinterpreted in lite of modernistic contexts (52%) than to say traditional understandings are all that is needed (38%).

Muslims also were asked whether each of 8 deportment and behaviors is an "essential" part of what being Muslim means to them, an "important merely non essential" function or "not an important" part. Fully 85% of Muslims say believing in God is essential to what being Muslim means to them, more than than say the aforementioned about any other particular in the survey. And almost three-quarters say "loving the Prophet Muhammad" is essential to what being Muslim means to them.

Yet many U.Due south. Muslims say that for them, personally, beingness Muslim is about more than these cadre religious beliefs. Roughly seven-in-ten, for instance, say "working for justice and equality in lodge" is an essential part of their Muslim identity, and 62% say the same nearly "working to protect the environment" – which is higher than the share of U.South. Christians who said protecting the environment is essential to their Christian identity in response to a similar question (22%).

In other ways, though, U.S. Muslims wait similar to U.S. Christians – on average, the two groups show roughly equal levels of religious commitment. About 2-thirds of U.S. Muslims (65%), for case, say religion is very important in their lives, equally do 68% of Christians, according to Pew Research Center's 2014 Religious Mural Study. And 43% of Muslim Americans say they attend a mosque on a weekly footing, on par with the 45% of U.S. Christians who have described themselves as weekly churchgoers in recent surveys. Another 12% of U.S. Muslims say they get to a mosque monthly, and i-in-five (20%) say they go to a mosque a few times a year, especially for important Muslim holidays such as Eids.4 (For more than information on Eid and other terms, encounter the glossary.)

The survey also shows that 8-in-x Muslim Americans say they fast during the Islamic holy calendar month of Ramadan. And roughly four-in-ten Muslims (42%) say they pray all 5 salah daily, with another 17% proverb they make some of the 5 salah each day. (Salah is a form of ritual prayer or observance performed throughout the twenty-four hours, and praying salah is one of the Five Pillars of Islam. For more information, encounter the glossary.)

American Muslims, similar the U.S. public as a whole, take get much more than accepting of homosexuality in recent years. In the start Pew Research Center survey of Muslims, in 2007, far more Muslims said homosexuality should be discouraged by society (61%) than said information technology should exist accepted (27%). By 2011, Muslims were roughly evenly dissever on this question. Today, Muslims who say homosexuality should exist accepted past society clearly outnumber those who say it should exist discouraged (52% vs. 33%).

While Muslims remain somewhat more conservative than the full general public on views toward homosexuality, they are more ideologically liberal than U.S. adults overall when information technology comes to immigration and the size of regime. About eight-in-ten U.S. Muslims believe that immigrants strengthen the country with their hard work and talent (79%), which is peradventure not surprising, given that most Muslims are themselves immigrants. And two-thirds of Muslim Americans (67%) say they prefer a larger government that provides more services over a smaller government that provides fewer services.

On another issues, the views of U.Due south. Muslims mirror those of the larger public. Like Americans overall, most Muslims rank being a good parent as "ane of the about important things" in their lives, and they tend to rate having a successful career and living a very religious life as at least somewhat important but not necessarily amidst the most of import things in life.

Political preferences: Muslims are strongly Democratic

Two-thirds of U.Due south. Muslims either identify as Democrats or lean toward the Democratic Party; far fewer (13%) identify every bit Republican or lean toward the GOP. Muslims favored the Democratic Party over the GOP past comparable margins in both previous Pew Inquiry Center surveys.

When asked how they voted in last year's presidential election, three-quarters of Muslim voters (78%) say they backed Hillary Clinton, 8% say they voted for Trump, and fourteen% say they voted for another candidate or decline to say how they voted. Clinton'southward lxx-point margin of victory over Trump among Muslims falls short of Barack Obama's margin over John McCain; in the 2011 survey, 92% of U.Due south. Muslim voters said they cast ballots for Obama in 2008, compared with just 4% who reported voting for McCain. In 2007, 71% of U.S. Muslims said they voted for John Kerry in 2004, compared with 14% who voted for George Westward. Bush.

Overall, 44% of U.S. Muslims say they voted in the 2016 election.5 Almost one-in-v Muslim adults living in the U.Due south. (18%) are not U.South. citizens, and thus not eligible to vote. In addition, one-in-4 Muslims are citizens but are not registered to vote (25%), and 13% of Muslims are registered voters who stayed habitation on Ballot Day.6

Two-thirds of Muslims (65%) say they do non think there is a natural conflict between the teachings of Islam and commonwealth, while 3-in-ten say there is an inherent disharmonize betwixt Islam and republic.

Those who say there is a conflict were asked to explain, in their own words, why they think Islam and democracy clash. Some say that Islam and democracy accept fundamentally incompatible principles and values (40% of those who say at that place is a conflict), others say the apparent conflict is considering not-Muslims don't understand Islam or because terrorists give Islam a bad name (sixteen%), and still others say commonwealth is incompatible with all religion (9%). (For more details on responses to these questions, come across Chapter four.)